![]() ![]() Under Roman rule, Philadelphia was one of the ten Greco-Roman cities of the Decapolis before being directly ruled as part of the Arabia Petraea province. In the 3rd century BC, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, rebuilt the city and renamed it "Philadelphia", making it a regional center of Hellenistic culture. During the Iron Age, the city was known as Rabat Aman and served as the capital of the Ammonite Kingdom. The earliest evidence of settlement in Amman dates to the 8th millennium BC, in a Neolithic site known as 'Ain Ghazal, where the world's oldest statues of the human form have been unearthed. With a population of 4,061,150 as of 2021, Amman is Jordan's primate city and is the largest city in the Levant region, the fifth-largest city in the Arab world, and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. Amman ( English: / ə ˈ m ɑː n/ Arabic: عَمَّان, ʿAmmān pronounced ) is the capital and the largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center.
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